Natural enemies - additional information

Potential effectiveness of natural enemies of apple pests

Predatory mites

Lacewings

Hoverflies

Ladybirds

Predatory midge larvae

Ground beetles

Spiders

Pathogenic fungi, viruses and nematodes

Earwigs

Predatory bugs (anthocorids, mirids and nabids)

Parasitic wasps and flies (parasitoids)

Artificial refuges

Enhancement of biodiversity

Avoiding the harmful effects of pesticides